- ^ Chan, Kam Wing (2007). "Misconceptions and Complexities in the Study of China's Cities: Definitions, Statistics, and Implications". Eurasian Geography and Economics 48 (4): 383–412. DOI:10.2747/1538-7216.48.4.383. Retrieved 7 August 2011. p. 395
- ^ "What are China's largest and richest cities?" University of Southern California – US-China Institute, 2007. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
- ^ a b "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language (Order of the President No.37)". Gov.cn. Retrieved 27 April 2010. "For purposes of this Law, the standard spoken and written Chinese language means Putonghua (a common speech with pronunciation based on the Beijing dialect) and the standardized Chinese characters."
- ^ a b "Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census". Stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "China". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 15 March 2010. "Form of government: single-party people's republic with one legislative house"
- ^ a b c d e f g "China". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
- ^ CIA World Factbook [Gini rankings]
- ^ "Human Development Report 2011". United Nations. 2011. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
- ^ "ICANN Board Meeting Minutes". ICANN. Retrieved 25 June 2010.
- ^ a b Boum, Aomar (1999). Journal of Political Ecology: Case Studies in History and Society. Retrieved 5 May 2007.
- ^ "Communist Party of China in Brief". China Daily, 10 July 2007. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
- ^ "GDP expands 11.4 percent, fastest in 13 years". Chinadaily.net. 24 January 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
- ^ a b "Countries of the world ordered by land area". Listofcountriesoftheworld.com. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ The total area ranking relative to the United States depends on the measurement of the total areas of China and the United States. See List of countries and outlying territories by area for more information.
- ^ Walton, Greg; International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development (2001). "Executive Summary". China's golden shield: Corporations and the development of surveillance technology in the People's Republic of China. Rights & Democracy. p. 5. ISBN 978-2-922084-42-9. Retrieved 29 August 2009.
- ^ "Sino-British Joint Declaration". Retrieved 8 September 2008.
- ^ "Constitution of the People's Republic of China". People's Daily Online. Retrieved 23 November 2009. "Article 138. The capital of the People's Republic of China is Beijing."
- ^ "Rivers and Lakes". China.org.cn. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
- ^ "Output, prices and jobs". The Economist. 28 January 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
- ^ Altucher, James (8 January 2010). "There's no stopping China". New York Post. Retrieved 2 August 2010.
- ^ Muldavin, Joshua (9 February 2006). "From Rural Transformation to Global Integration: The Environmental and Social Impacts of China's Rise to Superpower". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
- ^ (Lt Colonel, USAF) Uckert, Merri B. (April 1995). China as an Economic and Military Superpower: A Dangerous Combination?. Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air War College, Air University. p. 33.
- ^ "China: a military giant in the making?". BBC. 9 March 2012. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
- ^ Bergsten, C. Fred; Gill, Bates; Lardy, Nicholas R.; Mitchell, Derek (17 April 2006). China: The Balance Sheet: What the World Needs to Know about the Emerging Superpower (Illustrated Hardcover ed.). PublicAffairs. p. 224. ISBN 978-1-58648-464-4.
- ^ Tang, Xiaoyang (2010). Guo, Sujian; Guo, Baogang. ed. Greater China in an era of globalization. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 52–53. ISBN 978-0-7391-3534-1.
- ^ Challen, Paul (2005). Life in ancient China. New York: Crabtree Publishing. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-7787-2037-9.
- ^ Wood, Francis, Did Marco Polo go to China? (1995), p. 61. ISBN 978-0-8133-8999-8.
- ^ "China", Online Etymology Dictionary
- ^ Eden, Richard, Decades of the New World (1555) "The great China whose kyng is thought the greatest prince in the world."
- ^ "china", The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Boston and New York, Houghton-Mifflin, 2000.
- ^ Found in Book 2 of Kautilya's Arthashastra. (Denis Crispin Twitchett, Michael Loewe, John King Fairbank, The Ch'in and Han Empires 221 B.C.-A.D. 220, p. 20.)
- ^ Martino, Martin, Novus Atlas Sinensis, Vienna 1655, Preface, p. 2.
- ^ Liu, Lydia He, The Clash of Empires, p. 77.
- ^ Wade, Geoff, "The Polity of Yelang and the Origin of the Name 'China'", Sino-Platonic Papers, No. 188, May 2009, p. 20.
- ^ 尚書•梓材》:「皇天既付中國民越厥疆土于先王」 Roughly translated as "The Heavens awarded the lands and peoples of Zhōngguó to our ancestors".
- ^ Endymion Wilkinson, Chinese History: A Manual (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, Rev. and enl., 2000 ISBN 0-674-00247-4 ), 132.
- ^ "Early Homo erectus Tools in China" by Archaeological Institute of America
- ^ Ian Tattersall (1997). "Out of Africa again...and again?". Scientific American 276 (4): 60–68. DOI:10.1038/scientificamerican0497-60.
- ^ Shen, G; Gao, X; Gao, B; Granger, De (Mar 2009). "Age of Zhoukoudian Homo erectus determined with (26)Al/(10)Be burial dating". Nature 458 (7235): 198–200. Bibcode 2009Natur.458..198S. DOI:10.1038/nature07741. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 19279636.
- ^ a b CIA World Factbook. 20 April 2006. URL accessed 3 May 2006.
- ^ "Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian".
- ^ "Bronze Age China" by National Gallery of Art
- ^ a b Bodde, Derk. (1986). "The State and Empire of Ch'in", in The Cambridge History of China: Volume I: the Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C. – A.D. 220. Edited by Denis Twitchett and Michael Loewe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24327-0.
- ^ a b Lewis, Mark Edward (2007). The Early Chinese Empires: Qin and Han. London: Belknap Press. ISBN 978-0-674-02477-9.
- ^ "Dahlman, Carl J; Aubert, Jean-Eric. China and the Knowledge Economy: Seizing the 21st century. WBI Development Studies. World Bank Publications. Accessed January 30, 2008". Eric.ed.gov. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ Whiting, Marvin C., (2002). Imperial Chinese Military History. iUniverse. ISBN 0-595-22134-3
- ^ Jacques Gernet, (1996). A history of Chinese civilization. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-49781-7. p.198
- ^ Denis Crispin Twitchett, Michael Loewe, John King Fairbank, (1986). The Cambridge history of China, Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24327-0. p.375
- ^ Ki-Baik Lee, (1984). A new history of Korea. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-61576-2. p.47
- ^ David Andrew Graff, (2002). Medieval Chinese warfare, 300–900. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-23955-9. p.13
- ^ Adshead, S. A. M. (2004). T'ang China: The Rise of the East in World History. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 1-4039-3456-8
- ^ City University of HK Press, (2007). China: Five Thousand Years of History and Civilization. City University of HK Press. ISBN 962-937-140-5. p.71
- ^ Paludan, Ann (1998). Chronicle of the Chinese Emperors. London: Thames & Hudson, ISBN 0-500-05090-2. p. 136.
- ^ Ping-ti Ho, "An Estimate of the Total Population of Sung-Chin China", in Études Song, Series 1, No 1, (1970) pp. 33–53.
- ^ "Ming Dynasty[dead link]". Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2009. Archived 31 October 2009.
- ^ Busky, Donald F. (2002). "Communism in History and Theory. Greenwood Publishing Group, p.2.
- ^ Jenks, R.D. Insurgency and Social Disorder in Guizhou: The Miao ‘Rebellion’, 1854–1873. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 1994.
- ^ Cf. William J. Peterson, The Cambridge History of China Volume 9 (Cambridge University Press, 2002)
- ^ Damsan Harper, Steve Fallon, Katja Gaskell, Julie Grundvig, Carolyn Heller, Thomas Huhti, Bradley Maynew, Christopher Pitts. Lonely Planet China. 9. 2005. ISBN 1-74059-687-0
- ^ Gernet, Jacques. A History of Chinese Civilization. 2. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
- ^ Perry, Elizabeth. Rebels and Revolutionaries in Northern China, 1845–1945 (Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 1980).
- ^ The world's successful diasporas. Management Today. 3 April 2007.
- ^ Dimensions of need – People and populations at risk. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
- ^ Ó Gráda, C.: Famine: A Short History. Princeton University Press.
- ^ China: Land of Famine. Journal of the Royal Institute of International Affairs.
- ^ "Nuclear Power: The End of the War Against Japan". BBC — History.
- ^ Himeta, Mitsuyoshi (姫田光義) (日本軍による『三光政策・三光作戦をめぐって』) (Concerning the Three Alls Strategy/Three Alls Policy By the Japanese Forces), Iwanami Bukkuretto, 1996, Bix, Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan, 2000
- ^ "Judgement: International Military Tribunal for the Far East". Chapter VIII: Conventional War Crimes (Atrocities). November 1948.
- ^ The Chinese people have stood up. UCLA Center for East Asian Studies. Retrieved 16 April 2006.
- ^ Smith, Joseph; and Davis, Simon. [2005] (2005). The A to Z of the Cold War. Issue 28 of Historical dictionaries of war, revolution, and civil unrest. Volume 8 of A to Z guides. Scarecrow Press publisher. ISBN 0-8108-5384-1, ISBN 978-0-8108-5384-3.
- ^ Madelyn Holmes (2008). "Students and teachers of the new China: thirteen interviews". McFarland. p. 185. ISBN 0-7864-3288-8. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
- ^ Akbar, Arifa (17 September 2010). "Mao's Great Leap Forward 'killed 45 million in four years'". The Independent (London). Retrieved 30 October 2010.
- ^ Michael Y.M. Kao, "Taiwan's and Beijing's Campaigns for Unification," in Harvey Feldman, Michael Y.M. Kao, eds., Taiwan in a Time of Transition (New York: Paragon House, 1988), 188.
- ^ Hart-Landsberg, Martin; and Burkett, Paul. "China and Socialism. Market Reforms and Class Struggle". Retrieved 30 October 2008.
- ^ Youngs, R. The European Union and the Promotion of Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-924979-4.
- ^ Carroll, J. M. A Concise History of Hong Kong. Rowman & Littlefield, 2007. ISBN 978-0-7425-3422-3.
- ^ Nation bucks trend of global poverty (11 July 2003). China Daily
- ^ China's Average Economic Growth in 90s Ranked 1st in World (1 March 2000). People's Daily.
- ^ "China’s Environmental Crisis". New York Times. 26 August 2007. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
- ^ China worried over pace of growth. BBC. Retrieved 16 April 2006.
- ^ China: Migrants, Students, Taiwan. Migration News. January 2006.
- ^ In Face of Rural Unrest, China Rolls Out Reforms. The Washington Post. 28 January 2006.
- ^ "Frontline: The Tank Man transcript". Frontline. PBS. 11 April 2006. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
- ^ "The People's Republic of China" (7 September 2005). Foreign & Commonwealth Office
- ^ ""Land area" ''GOV.cn, Chinese Government's Official Web Portal". English.gov.cn. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "United States". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
- ^ "Demographic Yearbook—Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density" (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. 2008. Retrieved 24 September 2011
- ^ "CIA – The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ Field Listing – Disputes – international, CIA World Factbook
- ^ Mcquaid, Elwood (13 January 2011). "China, Tajikistan sign border agreement". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ The CIA has updated the total area of United States a number of times since the initial publication of the World Factbook. From 1989 through 1996, the total area of US was listed as 9,372,610 km2 (3,618,780 sq mi) (land area plus inland water only). The listed total area changed to 9,629,091 km2 (3,717,813 sq mi) in 1997 (with the Great Lakes areas and the coastal waters added), to 9,631,418 km2 (3,718,711 sq mi) in 2004, to 9,631,420 km2 (3,718,710 sq mi) in 2006, and to 9,826,630 km2 (3,794,080 sq mi) in 2007 (territorial waters added). Note: From 1989 to 1996, China was listed as the world's third-largest country by total area according to the CIA World Factbook. The United States replaced China in 1997 after additional water spaces were added.
- ^ China's border with Pakistan falls in the disputed Kashmir province. The area under Pakistani-administration is claimed by India.
- ^ "Gobi Desert Facts". Retrieved 24 September 2011.
- ^ "Beijing hit by eighth sandstorm". BBC news. Retrieved 17 April 2006.
- ^ "The gathering sandstorm: Encroaching desert, missing water". The Independent. 9 November 2007.
- ^ "Himalaya glaciers melting much faster". MSNBC. 24 November 2008. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
- ^ "Biodiversity Theme Report". Environment.gov.au. 10 December 2009. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ Ma Xiaoying; Ortalano, Leonard (2002) [2000]. Environmental Regulation in China. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
- ^ "Tackling China’s water crisis online". ChinaDialogue.net, 21 September 2006. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
- ^ "China's decade plan for water". The Earth Institute, Columbia University, 24 October 2011. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
- ^ Ma, Jun Li, Naomi (2006). "Tackling China's Water Crisis Online". chinadialogue.net. Retrieved 18 February 2007.
- ^ "300 million Chinese drinking unsafe water". People's Daily Online. 23 December 2004. Retrieved 27 March 2009.
- ^ Friedman, Lisa (25 March 2010). "China Leads Major Countries With $34.6 Billion Invested in Clean Technology". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ Black, Richard (26 March 2010). "China steams ahead on clean energy". BBC News. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ Bradsher, Keith (30 January 2010). "China leads global race to make clean energy". New York Times.
- ^ "China's big push for renewable energy". Scientific American, 4 August 2008. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
- ^ China tops the world in clean energy production. Ecosensorium. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
- ^ "Splashing out: China to spend 4 trillion yuan on water projects". Want China Times, 11 July 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
- ^ Randall Hoven, 7 November 2007. American Thinker. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ Cienciala, Anna (1996). The Rise and Fall of Communist Nations 1917–1994. Retrieved 16 October 2008.
- ^ a b "Freedom House: Freedom in the World 2011: China".
- ^ "BBC, Country Report: China". BBC News. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ "Constitution of the People's Republic of China". People's Daily. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ Article 97 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China
- ^ "CFR.org". CFR.org. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ Unknown Author (2003). "Beijingers Get Greater Poll Choices". China Daily. Retrieved 18 February 2007.
- ^ Lohmar, Bryan; and Somwaru, Agapi; Does China’s Land-Tenure System Discourage Structural Adjustment?, 1 May 2006. USDA Economic Research Service. Accessed 3 May 2006.
- ^ China sounds alarm over fast-growing gap between rich and poor. Retrieved 16 April 2006.
- ^ 22 July 2008 (22 July 2008). "PEWresearch.org". PEWresearch.org. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ Gwillim Law (2 April 2005). Provinces of China. Retrieved 15 April 2006.
- ^ "Background Note: China". Bureau of Public Affairs. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ^ "China and Sweden". Chinaembassy.se. Retrieved 15 June 2009.[dead link]
- ^ Chang, Eddy (22 August 2004). Perseverance will pay off at the UN, The Taipei Times.
- ^ "China says communication with other developing countries at Copenhagen summit transparent". People's Daily. 21 December 2009. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
- ^ "Taiwan's Ma to stopover in US: report". Agence France-Presse. 11 January 2010.
- ^ Macartney, Jane (1 February 2010). "China says US arms sales to Taiwan could threaten wider relations". The Times (London).
- ^ Moore, Malcolm (8 January 2010). "China cancels UK human rights summit after Akmal Shaikh execution". The Daily Telegraph (London).
- ^ Keith, Ronald C.. China from the inside out – fitting the People's republic into the world. PlutoPress.
- ^ "Ready to face the world?". The Economist. 6 March 1997. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "China and Europe: A summit dominated by trade could get frosty". The Economist. 27 November 2007. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "Energy to dominate Russia President Putin's China visit". BBC. 5 June 2012.
- ^ Dillon, Dana; and Tkacik, John, Jr.; China’s Quest for Asia, Policy Review, December 2005 and January 2006, Issue No. 134. Retrieved 22 April 2006.
- ^ "Clinton signs China trade bill". CNN.com. 10 October 2000
- ^ "The China Trade Debate". Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). 18 May 2000.
- ^ "Bush woos China on trade", 30 May 2001, BBC News
- ^ "US trade gap widens on increased Chinese imports". BBC News. 14 October 2010
- ^ "Chinese President Hu Jintao resists Obama calls on yuan". BBC News. 13 April 2010.
- ^ Malaysia's race rules. The Economist Newspaper Limited (25 August 2005). Requires login.
- ^ Algeria: Xenophobia against Chinese on the rise in Africa. Afrik.com. 5 August 2009.
- ^ Looters shot dead amid chaos of Papua New Guinea's anti-Chinese riots. The Australian. 23 May 2009.
- ^ Overseas and under siege. The Economist. 11 August 2009.
- ^ Ramachandran, Sudha (27 January 2011). "China plays long game on border disputes". Asia Times. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
- ^ "China denies preparing war over South China Sea shoal". BBC, 12 May 2012.
- ^ Nanjing by the Numbers. Foreign Policy. 9 February 2010.
- ^ "Backlash over the alleged China curb on metal exports". The Daily Telegraph, London, 29 Aug 2010. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
- ^ McLaughlin, Abraham; A rising China counters US clout in Africa, The Christian Science Monitor, 30 March 2005 edition.
- ^ Lyman, Princeton N.; China’s Rising Role in Africa, 21 July 2005 Council of Foreign Relations. Retrieved 26 June 2007.
- ^ Politzer, Malia; China and Africa: Stronger Economic Ties Mean More Migration. Migration Information Source. August 2008
- ^ "Is Brazil a derivative of China?" Forbes.com, 24 August 2011. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
- ^ "China, Argentina agree to further strategic ties". Xinhua.com, 9 September 2011. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
- ^ "BRICS summit ends in China". BBC, 14 April 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
- ^ Khanna, Parag (27 January 2008). "Waving Goodbye to Hegemony". New York Times. Retrieved 27 March 2009.
- ^ "China as a global power". University of Southern California US-China Institute. 13 November 2007. Retrieved 27 March 2009.
- ^ Broughton, Philip Delves (23 January 2004). "The Dragon's catastrophic potential". The First Post. Retrieved 27 March 2009.
- ^ Sanders, Sol (29 June 2007). "China's utterly distorted economy is a train wreck waiting to happen". World Tribune. Retrieved 27 March 2009.
- ^ Williams, Ian (23 January 2004). "China-US: Double bubbles in danger of colliding". Asia Times. Retrieved 27 March 2009.
- ^ "Human Rights Watch, World Report 2009". Hrw.org. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ Will the Boat Sink the Water?: The Life of China's Peasants / Chen Guidi and Wu Chuntao (2006) ISBN 1-58648-358-7
- ^ Empire of Lies: The Truth About China in the Twenty-First Century / Guy Sorman (2008) ISBN 1-59403-216-5
- ^ a b Wingfield, Rupert (7 March 2006). "China's rural millions left behind". BBC News. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ a b Luard, Tim (10 November 2005). "China rethinks peasant apartheid". BBC News. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ Ni, Ching-Ching (30 December 2005). "LAtimes.com". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ Harvard.eu[dead link]
- ^ "China ends school fees for 150m". BBC News. 13 December 2006. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ Media Control in China published 2004 by Human Rights in China, New York. Revised edition 2006 published by Liming Cultural Enterprises of Taiwan
- ^ "Freedom House: Freedom on the Net Report: China".
- ^ "Freedom House: Freedom of the Press Survey: China".
- ^ "Reporters sans frontières – Annual Worldwide Press Freedom Index – 2005". Rsf.org. 30 April 2009. Archived from the original on 19 April 2008. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ 1998 US Embassy Beijing report "The Fading of Environmental Secrecy".[dead link] Retrieved 4 February 2007.
- ^ 1997 US Embassy Beijing report "Environmental NGOs in China: Green is Good, But Don't Openly Oppose the Party".[dead link] Retrieved 4 February 2007.
- ^ "Egypt not trending in China". English.aljazeera.net. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "China tells US to stop tweets on Beijing's bad air". AP via My Way News. 5 June 2012.
- ^ Yixiang, Lin (1 April 2009). "China Responsible for 72 Percent of Executions Worldwide". The Epoch Times. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
- ^ "Amnesty sees hope in China on death penalty". Google News. Agence France-Presse. 26 March 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- ^ a b "China's Progress in Human Rights". July 2005. Accessed: 18 April 2008.
- ^ "China's reform and opening-up promotes human rights, says premier". 11 December 2003. Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United States. Retrieved 28 April 2006.
- ^ "China seeks to improve workplace safety". USA Today, 30 January 2008. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
- ^ "Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao talks reform, but most countrymen never get to hear what he says". Washington Post.
- ^ Part I of summary of Zhou Tianyong's 2004 book Reform of the Chinese Political System[dead link] Accessed 7 February 2007.
- ^ Part II of summary of Zhou Tianyong's 2004 book Reform of the Chinese Political System[dead link] Accessed 7 February 2007.
- ^ China Seeks to Allay US Fears as Summit Nears (2006). Retrieved 15 April 2006.
- ^ Military Expenditure Data. SIPRI. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ Annual Report To Congress – Military Power of the People’s Republic of China 2009 (PDF). Defenselink.mil. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
- ^ "China Military Power Report.indd" (PDF). Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ "China fury at US military report". BBC News. 26 March 2009. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ Nolt, James H. Analysis: The China-Taiwan military balance. Asia Times. Retrieved 15 April 2006.
- ^ a b China expanding its nuclear stockpile The Washington Times, 2011-08-25. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
- ^ Martin Andrew. "AsianResearch.org". AsianResearch.org. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ "Sinodefence.com". Sinodefence.com. 28 March 2009. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ "Early Eclipse: F-35 JSF Prospects in the Age of Chinese Stealth." China-Defense. Retrieved: 23 January 2011.
- ^ "Chengdu J-20 – China’s 5th Generation Fighter." Defense Update. Retrieved: 23 January 2011.
- ^ "China's first stealth fighter flies ahead of the pack after second prototype takes to the air". Daily Mail India, 22 May 2012.
- ^ SinoDefence.com – Ground Forces. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
- ^ SinoDefence: Surface-to-air Missile System (2006). Retrieved 7 July 2009.
- ^ "HQ-19 (S-400) (China) – Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems". Janes.com. 23 December 2008.
- ^ China plays down fears after satellite shot down, Agence France-Presse via Channelnewsasia, 20 January 2007
- ^ SinoDefence: Aircraft carrier programme (2006). Retrieved 15 April 2006.
- ^ "China's first aircraft carrier completes sea trial". Xinhua News Agency. 15 August 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
- ^ China unveils fleet of submarines The Guardian, 2009-04-22. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
- ^ "GPS: China Flexes Military Muscle". CNN News. 13 March 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
- ^ "Shanghai's GDP grows 8.2% in 2011". China Daily, 20 January 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ^ The Great Leap Forward. History Learning Site. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
- ^ "Berkeley.edu" (PDF). Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ "China is already a market economy—Long Yongtu, Secretary General of Boao Forum for Asia". English.eastday.com. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ Communism Is Dead, But State Capitalism Thrives, by Vahan Janjigian, forbes.com, 22 Mar. 2010.
- ^ The Winners And Losers In Chinese Capitalism, by Gady Epstein, forbes.com, 31 Aug. 2010.
- ^ "China's State-Planned Economy Is Doomed to Flop: David Pauly" Bloomberg. Accessed: 16 April 2011
- ^ "China must be cautious in raising consumption". China Daily. Retrieved 8 February 2009.
- ^ 16 August 2010, China Overtakes Japan as World's Second-Biggest Economy, Bloomberg
- ^ "China's gross domestic product (GDP) growth". Chinability. Retrieved 16 October 2008.
- ^ Walker, Andrew (16 June 2011). "Will China's Economy Stumble?". BBC. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ Joe Weisenthal (22 February 2011). "3G Countries". Businessinsider.com. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "Microsoft Word - UNWTO Barom07 2 en.doc" (PDF). Retrieved 14 May 2010.
- ^ 2011 China trade data. GTIG.com, 12 January 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-22.
- ^ "China's Foreign-Exchange Reserves Surge, Exceeding $2 Trillion". Bloomberg L.P.. 15 July 2009. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
- ^ "China's forex reserves reach USD 2.85 trillion". Smetimes.tradeindia.com. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "China must keep buying US Treasuries for now-paper". Reuters. 20 August 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
- ^ "China now owns $1.16 trillion of U.S. debt". CBS News. 28 February 2011
- ^ Washington learns to treat China with care. CNNMoney.com. 29 July 2009.
- ^ Hornby, Lucy (23 September 2009). "Factbox: US-China Interdependence Outweighs Trade Spat". Reuters. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
- ^ "China FDI hits $115 billion in 2011, eases in December". CNBC, 5 January 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
- ^ 19 Jan 2011 p.ambre (19 January 2011). "China scores number one on FDI penetration, 16% rise in 2010". Stockmarketdigital.com. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "Insight: Bullish China shops in industrial Germany". Reuters, 3 April 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
- ^ Nominal GDP comparison of China, Germany, France, Japan and USA. IMF World Economic Outlook, April 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
- ^ "2007 trade surplus hits new record – $262.2B". China Daily. 11 January 2008. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
- ^ "China widens yuan, non-dollar trading range to 3%". 23 September 2005. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
- ^ Intellectual Property Rights. Asia Business Council, September 2005. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
- ^ "MIT CIS: Publications: Foreign Policy Index". Retrieved 15 May 2010.
- ^ Putting Democracy in China on Hold John Lee, The Center for Independent Studies. Retrieved 26 July 2008.
- ^ English@peopledaily.com.cn (13 July 2005). "People.com". People. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ "Businessweek.com". BusinessWeek. 22 August 2005. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ "Microsoft Word - China2bandes.doc" (PDF). Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ "China Is a Private-Sector Economy". BusinessWeek. 22 August 2005. Retrieved 27 March 2007.
- ^ The Global Competitiveness Report 2009-2010 World Economic Forum. Retrieved on 24 September 2009.
- ^ "2011 Index of Economic Freedom" The Heritage Foundation. Accessed 17 April 2011
- ^ Money.cnn.com Retrieved on 27 July 2010.
- ^ Global 500 2009, Financial Times, Retrieved on 12 August 2009.
- ^ Abigmission.com China’s 100 million strong middle-class need to be reached. Retrieved on 30 August 2009.
- ^ One Person in Every 1700 in China has at least 10 Million Yuan[dead link] Hurun Report (14 April 2009). Retrieved on 4 March 2010.
- ^ "China's billionaires double in number". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
- ^ Total Retail Sales of Consumer Goods (2007.12) National Bureau of Statistics of China (13 March 2008). Retrieved on 21 November 2008.
- ^ Super Rich have Craze for luxury goods China Daily (3 March 2010). Retrieved on 4 March 2010.
- ^ "China inflation exceeding 6%". Businessweek, 14 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
- ^ "Steep rise in Chinese food prices". BBC, 16 April 2008. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
- ^ a b "China's GDP grows 9.1% in third quarter" Financial Times. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
- ^ "China Q1 GDP growth cools to 8.1 pct". CRI.cn, 17 April 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
- ^ a b "China Quick Facts". World Bank. Retrieved 26 July 2008.
- ^ Swartz, Spencer; Oster, Shai (19 July 2010). "China Becomes World's Biggest Energy Consumer". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
- ^ Feller, Gordon. "China's Coal". ECOworld. Retrieved 19 July 2010.[dead link]
- ^ "China have set a Renewable Energy Target of 10% of Electric Power Capacity by 2010". Reuters. 11 March 2008. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
- ^ Wind power in the People's Republic of China
- ^ Reuters: Russia in milestone oil pipeline supply to China. Reuters. 1 January 2011
- ^ a b Donald D. DeGlopper (1987), Chapter 9 - Science and Technology, A Country Study: China, Library of Congress. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
- ^ David Kang and Adam Segal, The Siren Song of Technonationalism, March 2006, Far Eastern Economic Review.
- ^ "2011 Global R&D Funding Forecast", Battelle.org, 2011. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
- ^ "China 'to overtake US on science' in two years". BBC News, 28 March 2011. Retrieved 2012-04-26.
- ^ "Desperately seeking math and science majors". CNN, 29 July 2009. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
- ^ "China publishes the second most scientific papers in international journals in 2010: report". Xinhua, 2 December 2011. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
- ^ David Eimer, "China's huge leap forward into space threatens US ascendancy over heavens". The Telegraph, 5 November 2011.
- ^ "Rocket launches Chinese space lab". BBC. 29 September 2011. Retrieved 2012-05-20.
- ^ "China could make moon landing in 2025". The Guardian, 20 September 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
- ^ LOUISE WATT, China's Space Program Shoots for Moon, Mars, Venus, Associated Press, July 11, 2011.
- ^ "Squeezing cash from China's billion phone app market". BBC. 22 May 2012.
- ^ "China August mobile phone users top 823 million". People's Daily. Retrieved 28 September 2010.
- ^ Barboza, David (26 July 2008). "China Surpasses US in Number of Internet Users". NY times. Retrieved 26 July 2008.
- ^ "China's internet users breach half billion mark". Reuters, 11 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
- ^ "China: 485 million internet users". TechNode, 20 July 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
- ^ China's online population rises to 477mn – Yahoo! News
- ^ "Shanghai: Home to the slowest internet in all of China – Shanghaiist". Shanghaiist.com. 21 January 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "Broadband provider rankings: The Rise and Rise of China". Telegeography.com. 28 July 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "China's total mileage of expressways open to traffic reached 65,000 kilometers". People's Daily. 15 Jan 2010. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
- ^ "China auto sales officially surpass US in 2009, 13.6 million vehicles sold". Industry News. 8 January 2010. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
- ^ "China premium car sector remains bright spot". Reuters, 23 April 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
- ^ "Japan's bullet train will have a top speed of 310 mph". Daily Mail (London). 16 February 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "China pushes ahead with high-speed rail". Financial Times, 27 December 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
- ^ a b "China boasts biggest high-speed rail network". Agence France-Presse via The Raw Story, 24 July 2011. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
- ^ "China's New Plan: A Great Leap Into The Air". NPR. 2012-05-19.
- ^ "The final frontier". China Daily, 27 April 2012.
- ^ a b HDRstats.undp.org (2009). UNHD.
- ^ Michael Bristow Beijing (28 April 2011). "China census shows population ageing and urban". BBC. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ Urban unemployment declines to 4% in China People's Daily Online (22 January 2008). Retrieved on 27 July 2008.
- ^ "The New England Journal of Medicine, September 2005". Content.nejm.org. DOI:10.1056/NEJMhpr051833. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ "China to keep one-child policy". CNN. 10 March 2008. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ a b USembassy-china.org.cn[dead link]
- ^ "The most surprising demographic crisis". The Economist. 5 May 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ a b "Chinese mainland gender ratios most balanced since 1950s: census data". Xinhua, 28 April 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
- ^ "Chinese facing shortage of wives". BBC News. 12 January 2007. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
- ^ Estimation of the Number of Missing Females in China: 1900–2000 page 20
- ^ M. G. Merli and A. E. Raftery. 1990. "Are births under-reported in rural China? Manipulation of statistical records in response to China's population policies", Demography 37 (February): 109–126.
- ^ Johansson, Sten; Nygren, Olga (1991). "The missing girls of China: a new demographic account". Population and Development Review 17 (1): 35–51. DOI:10.2307/1972351. JSTOR 1972351.
- ^ Merli, M. Giovanna; Raftery, Adrian E. (2000). "Are births underreported in rural China?". Demography 37 (1): 109 126.
- ^ National Bureau of Statistics (in Chinese). Retrieved 20 October 2011.
- ^ a b c Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census (No. 1). Retrieved 4 October 2011.
- ^ "Major Figures on Residents from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and Foreigners Covered by 2010 Population Census". National Bureau of Statistics of China, 29 April 2011. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
- ^ Languages. 2005. GOV.cn. URL accessed 3 May 2006.
- ^ Sridhar, Asha (14 December 2011). "Round and about: Urban planning gone haywire". The Hindu (Chennai, India).
- ^ Zhou Qun, Lin Yanhua. Nov. 2005/14441.html China's urbanization encounters "urban disease"[dead link], Chinanews.cn (中国新闻网), 11 November 2005. Retrieved 21 April 2005.
- ^ Harney, Alexandra (3 February 2008). "Migrants are China's 'factories without smoke'". CNN. Retrieved 27 March 2009.
- ^ Tschang, Chi-Chu (4 February 2009). "A Tough New Year for China's Migrant Workers". Business Week. Retrieved 27 March 2009.
- ^ Francesco Sisci, "China's floating population a headache for census", The Straits Times, 22 September 2000.
- ^ Factbox: Education in China (2008). China-Arab Education Information Network
- ^ China pledges free 9-year education in rural west (21 February 2006). China Economic Net.
- ^ "CIA – The World Fact Book". Cia.gov. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
- ^ Plafker, Ted, China's Long—but Uneven—March to Literacy[dead link] International Herald Tribune
- ^ "Where And Who Are The World's Illiterates: China". UNESCO. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ Premier Wen announces hefty educational investment (2007). Retrieved 6 March 2007.
- ^ "China Beats Out Finland for Top Marks in Education". TIME.
- ^ 2005 Chinese University Ranking unveiled (21 February 2005). China Daily. Retrieved 16 April 2006.
- ^ All-around Ranking (2003). Retrieved 17 April 2006.
- ^ China AIDS Survey at Yahoo. Retrieved 18 April 2006.
- ^ "Population Growth in China : The Basic Characteristics of China's Demographic Transition" (PDF). Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "China". CIA World Factbook, 16 May 2008
- ^ China’s Infant Mortality Rate Down. 11 September 2001. CHINA.ORG.CN. URL accessed 3 May 2006.
- ^ "Nutrition country profiles: China summary". Archived from the original on 15 September 2007. Retrieved 22 July 2007.
- ^ Noam N. Levey (12 May 2012). "Global push to guarantee health coverage leaves U.S. behind". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
- ^ "Country Comparison: Life Expectancy at Birth". CIA. 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
- ^ "Country Comparison: Infant Mortality Rate". CIA. 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
- ^ McGregor, Richard (2 July 2007). "750,000 a year killed by Chinese pollution". Financial Times. Retrieved 22 July 2007.
- ^ "Smoking 'will kill one third of young Chinese men'". 16 August 2001. Honolulu Community College. Retrieved 17 April 2006.
- ^ "China's Tobacco Industry Wields Huge Power" article by Didi Kirsten Tatlow in The New York Times 10 June 2010
- ^ "Serving the people?". 1999. Bruce Kennedy. CNN. Retrieved 17 April 2006.
- ^ "Obesity Sickening China's Young Hearts". 4 August 2000. People's Daily. Retrieved 17 April 2006.
- ^ "China’s latest SARS outbreak has been contained, but biosafety concerns remain". 18 May 2004. World Health Organization. Retrieved 17 April 2006.
- ^ "China 'buried smog death finding'". BBC News. 3 July 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ John Vidal and David Adam (19 June 2007). "China overtakes US as world's biggest CO2 emitter". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "China says water pollution so severe that cities could lack safe supplies". China Daily. 7 June 2005. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ Kahn, Joseph (26 August 2007). "As China Roars, Pollution Reaches Deadly Extremes". The New York Times (China). Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "Air Pollution in Yixian". Air Pollution in Yixian. 1900-1-0. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
- ^ a b c "Asia-Pacific | Survey finds 300 m (980 ft) China believers". BBC News. 7 February 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
- ^ "Nonreligious, continued...". Adherents.com. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
- ^ "China Beliefs". Justchina.org. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ Buddhism in China. ForeignerCN.com, 22 April 2009. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
- ^ "China culture exploring assistant". Chinabusinessinterpreter.com. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "Buddhists in the world". Vipassanafoundation.com. Retrieved 15 June 2009.[dead link]
- ^ "How Now Tao?". Asia Sentinel. 27 April 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
- ^ "Alliance of Religions and Conservation (ARC)" (PDF). Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ "Religions and Beliefs in China". Travelchinaguide.com. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ "Society for Anglo Chinese Understanding". SACU. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ "Index-China Chinese Philosophies and religions". Index-china.com. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ "Memories of Dr. Wu Lien-teh, plague fighter". Yu-lin Wu (1995). World Scientific. p.68. ISBN 981-02-2287-4
- ^ "Buddhism". Adherents.com. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
- ^ "International Religious Freedom Report 2007 – China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau)". State.gov. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ "Buddhism in China". AskAsia. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ "TheAmericanForum For Global Education". Globaled.org. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ "US Department of States – International Religious Freedom Report 2006: China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau)". State.gov. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ Macintosh, R. Scott. China's prosperity inspires rising spirituality (9 March 2006). Retrieved 15 April 2006.
- ^ Watts, Jonathan (7 February 2007). "Christian population in China". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 27 August 2007.
- ^ "China Survey Reveals Fewer Christians than Some Evangelicals Want to Believe". Assistnews.net. 1 October 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
- ^ "Sons of heaven". The Economist. 2 October 2008.
- ^ a b "Christians in China: Is the country in spiritual crisis?" BBC News, 12 September 2011. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
- ^ God and Caesar in China: policy implications of church-state tensions. Google Books. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "Discipling the Dragon: Christian Publishing Finds Success in China". Christianity Today, 20 January 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
- ^ "BBC Islam in China (650–present)". BBC News. 2 October 2002. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ Islamic culture in China – amended 1958 text. Religion-Online.org. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
- ^ "Looking East: The challenges and opportunities of Chinese Islam".[dead link]
- ^ Counting up the number of people of traditionally Muslim nationalities who were enumerated in the 1990 census gives a total of 17.6 million, 96% of whom belong to just three nationalities: Hui 8.6 million, Uyghurs 7.2 million, and Kazakhs 1.1 million. Other nationalities that are traditionally Muslim include Kyrghyz, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Tatars, Salar, Bonan, and Dongxiang. See Dru C. Gladney, "Islam in China: Accommodation or Separatism?", Paper presented at Symposium on Islam in Southeast Asia and China, Hong Kong, 2002. Available at islamsymposium.cityu.edu.hk. The 2000 census reported a total of 20.3 million members of Muslim nationalities, of which again 96% belonged to just three groups: Hui 9.8 million, Uyghurs 8.4 million, and Kazakhs 1.25 million.
- ^ "CIA – The World Factbook – China". Cia.gov. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
- ^ "China (includes Hong Kong, Macau, and Tibet)". State.gov. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
- ^ "NW China region eyes global Muslim market". China Daily. 9 July 2008. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ "Muslim Media Network". Muslim Media Network. 24 March 2008. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ Xinhua, China Bans Falun Gong, People's Daily, 22 July 1999
- ^ Mary-Anne Toy, Underground existence for Falun Gong faithful, The Age, 26 July 2008.
"The US State Department, US Congress, the United Nations and human rights groups such as Amnesty say persecution of Falun Gong practitioners in China is a continuing abuse of human rights." - ^ Xu Jiatun, Cultural Revolution revisited in crackdown, Taipai Times, 8 September 1999.
- ^ Seth Faison, "In Beijing: A Roar of Silent Protestors," New York Times, 27 April 1999
- ^ "Falun Gong said to total tens of millions". United Press International, 24 April 2009. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
- ^ "Tour Guidebook: Beijing". China National Tourism Administration.
- ^ Bary, Theodore de. "Constructive Engagement with Asian Values".[dead link] Columbia University.
- ^ ""China: Traditional arts". Library of Congress – Country Studies". Lcweb2.loc.gov. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "China: Cultural life: The arts". Britannica.com. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ ""China: Folk and Variety Arts". Library of Congress – Country Studies". Lcweb2.loc.gov. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "Silk Route Museum". Silk Route Museum. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ Kong, Foong, Ling. [2002]. The Food of Asia. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-7946-0146-4
- ^ "Origins of the Great Game". Athleticscholarships.net. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "Chinese players dominate at Malaysia open chess championship". TheStar.com, 2 September 2011. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
- ^ Beech, Hannah (28 April 2003). "Yao Ming". Time Magazine. Retrieved 30 March 2007.
- ^ Qinfa, Ye. Sports History of China. About.com. Retrieved 21 April 2006.
- ^ "China targets more golds in 2012". BBC Sport, 27 August 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
Tuesday, June 12, 2012
Filled Under: Education
People's Republic of China : References
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
Best Arabic sweets in Dubai
ReplyDeleteArabic Sweets in Dubai